LANGUAGE TRAVEL SUPPLY: LANGUAGE TOURISM PRODUCT COMPOSITION
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
A systematic review of literature up to date reflects great scholarly interest in the impacts of study abroad (SA) sojourns on foreign language learners’ communicative competence. This paper provides an overview on gains in sociolinguistic and pragmatic competences drawing upon research carried out in this field, which in broad terms supports the belief that both types of competences are effectively developed in SA stays. This article also offers a detailed account of the main constituents of the language tourism product -the travel component and the language learning component- with a special focus on the educational input and the language learning complements included in the latter. Thus, a fundamental part of the language tourism market system will be depicted from a supply perspective. Following an exploratory approach, a literature review was conducted in order to identify existing and missing knowledge in the field of language travel supply, and key aspects were pinpointed and classified. The taxonomy and underpinning concepts resulting from the categorisation of those key features may be considered the starting point for future investigations on SA programmes. The model offered in this exploratory study aims at constituting the underlying conceptual framework for subsequent research on the role of different SA programme design characteristics within the language tourism experience.
Article Details
Authors retain copyright to their work, licensing it under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License and grant the journal exclusive right of first publication with the work simultaneously and it allows others to copy and redistribute the work for non-commercial purposes, with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in IOJET and provided that no changes were made on the article.
References
Allen, H. W., Dristas, V., & Mills, N. (2007). Cultural learning outcomes and summer study abroad. In M. Mantero (Ed.), Identity and second language learning: Culture, inquiry, and dialogic activity in educational contexts (pp. 189-215). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
Bacon, S. M. (2002). Learning the rules: Language development and cultural adjustment during study abroad. Foreign Language Annals, 35 (6), 637-646.
Barron, A. (2003). Acquisition in interlanguage pragmatics: Learning how to do things with words in a study abroad context. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Barron, A. (2006). Learning to Say “You” in German: The Acquisition of Sociolinguistic Competence in a Study Abroad Context. In M. A. DuFon & E. Churchill (Eds.), Language learners in study abroad contexts (pp. 59-88). Buffalo, NY: Multilingual Matters.
Barron, A. (2007). "Ah no honestly we're okay:" Learning to upgrade in a study abroad context. Intercultural Pragmatics, 4 (2), 129-166.
Campbell, C. (1996). Socializing with the teachers and prior language learning experience: A diary study. In K. M. Bailey & D. Nunan (Eds.), Voices from the classroom (pp. 201-223). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Carroll, J.B. (1967). Foreign language proficiency levels attained by language majors near graduation from college. Foreign Language Annals, 1, 131-151.
Churchill, E., & DuFon, M. A. (2006). Evolving threads in study abroad research. In E. Churchill & M. A. DuFon (Eds.), Language learners in study abroad contexts (pp. 1-27). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Cohen, A.D., & Shively, R.L. (2007). Acquisition of requests and apologies in Spanish and French: Impact of study abroad and strategy-building intervention. The Modern Language Journal, 91 (2), 189-212.
Coleman, J. (1998). Language Learning and Study Abroad: The European perspective. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 4, 167-203.
Coleman, J., R. Grotjahn, C. Klein-Braley, & U. Raatz. (1994). The European language proficiency survey: a comparative investigation of foreign language learners in schools and universities in several European countries. Language Testing Update, 16, 49-55.
Council for Cultural Co-operation, (2001). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/linguistic/Source/Framework_EN.pdf
Deacon, G. (2015a). Activities in Australia. Study Travel Magazine, 243. Retrieved from http://www.hothousemedia.com/ltm/ltmbackissues/jan15web/jan15spotlight.html
Deacon, G. (2015b). Language and culture in France. Study Travel Magazine, 244. Retrieved from http://www.hothousemedia.com/ltm/ltmbackissues/feb15web/feb15spotlight.html
Deloitte. (2015). The ALTO Deloitte Language Travel Industry Survey 2015. Retrieved from http://passthrough.fw-notify.net/download/962681/http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.altonet.org/resource/resmgr/Docs/00_The_ALTO_-_Deloitte_2015_.pdf
DuFon, M.A. (2006). The socialization of taste during study abroad in Indonesia. In M.A. DuFon & E. Churchill (Eds.), Language learners in study abroad contexts (pp. 91-119). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Einbeck, K. (2002). Using literature to promote cultural fluency in study abroad programs. Die Unterrichtspraxis/Teaching German, 35, 59-67.
Engle. L., & Engle, J. (2004). Assessing language acquisition and intercultural sensitivity development in relation to study abroad program design. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 10, 219-236.
Freed, B. F. (1998). An overview of issues and research in language learning in a study abroad setting. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 4, 31-60.
Ginsberg, R. (1992). Language gains during study abroad: An analysis of the ACTR data. National Foreign Language Center Working Papers. Washington, D.C.: National Foreign Language Center.
Hashimoto, H. (1994). Language acquisition of an exchange student within the homestay environment. Journal of Asian Pacific Communication, 4 (4), 209-224.
Hassall, T. (2006). Learning to Take Leave in Social Conversations: A Diary Study. In M. A. DuFon & E. Churchill (Eds.), Language learners in study abroad contexts (pp. 31-58). Buffalo, NY: Multilingual Matters.
Healy, E. (2015a). Languages on the go. Study Travel Magazine, 252. Retrieved from http://www.hothousemedia.com/ltm/ltmbackissues/oct15web/oct15spotlight1.html
Healy, E. (2015b). Activities in South Africa. Study Travel Magazine, 253. Retrieved from http://www.hothousemedia.com/ltm/ltmbackissues/nov15web/nov15spotlight1.html
Huebner, T. (1995). The Effects of Overseas Language Programs: Report on a Case Study of an Intensive Japanese Course. In B. F. Freed (Ed.), Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad Context (pp. 171-193). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Iglesias, M. (2014). The transformational impacts of the language tourism experience. Proceedings of The European Conference on Language Learning 2014. Brighton, The International Academic Forum. Retrieved from http://iafor.org/issn-2188-112x-the-european-conference-on-language-learning-2014-official-conference-proceedings/
Iglesias, M. (2015a). Second Language Acquisition and the Language Tourism Experience. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 178, 139-145. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042815019631
Iglesias, M. (2015b). Language Travel Demand: New Insights into Language Tourists’ Perceptions. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 199, 149-156. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042815045024
Iglesias, M. (2015c). Linguistic Development and Motivation in Language Tourism. Proceedings of LILA 15: Linguistics and Language Conference. Istanbul, Eastern Mediterranean Academic Research Centre.
Iglesias, M. (2015d). Travel behaviour in international student language tourism. Proceedings of the International Conference on Tourism (ICOT 2015). London, International Association for Tourism Policy. Retrieved from http://iatour.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/ICOT2015_CONFERENCE_PROCEEDINGS.pdf
Iglesias, M. (2016). The Language Tourism Market System: Conceptualising Language Tourism. International Journal of Scientific Management and Tourism, 2(1), 25-40. Retrieved from http://www.ijosmt.com/index.php/ijosmt/article/view/69/79
Iino, M. (2006). Norms of interaction in a Japanese homestay setting: Toward a two-way flow of linguistic and cultural resources. In M. A. DuFon & E. Churchill (Eds.), Language learners in study abroad contexts (pp. 151-173). Buffalo, NY: Multilingual Matters Ltd.
Jackson, J. (2008). Language, identity, and study abroad: Sociocultural perspectives. Oakville, CT: Equinox.
Jackson, J. (2011). Host language proficiency, intercultural sensitivity, and study abroad. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 21, 167-188.
Kinginger, C. (2013). Introduction. In C. Kinginger (Ed.), Social and Cultural Aspects of Language Learning in Study Abroad (pp. 3-16). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Kinginger,
C.,
&
Belz,
J.
(2005).
Sociocultural
Perspectives
on
Pragmatic
Development
in
Foreign
Language
Learning:
Case
Studies
from
Telecollaboration
and
Study
Abroad.
Intercultural
Pragmatics,
(4),
-421.
Kinginger, C., & Farrell, K. (2004). Assessing development of meta-pragmatic awareness in study abroad. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 10, 19-42.
Knott, M. (2015). Examining English. Study Travel Magazine, 246. Retrieved from http://www.hothousemedia.com/ltm/ltmbackissues/apr15web/apr15specreport.html
Krzic, G. (1995). A study of Japanese and American intercultural relations and learning. In National Foreign Language Resource Center (Ohio State University), Study abroad: Research on learning language and culture in context (pp. 85-108). Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University, National Foreign Language Resource Center.
Liskin-Gasparro, J. E., & Urdaneta, L. (1995). A semester abroad for second-year Spanish students: Exploring the effects of linguistic and cultural immersion. In National Foreign Language Resource Center (Ohio State University), Study abroad: Research on learning language and culture in context (pp. 138-160). Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University, National Foreign Language Resource Center.
Marriott, H. E. (1993). Acquiring sociolinguistic competence: Australian secondary students in Japan. Journal of Asian Pacific Communication, 4 (4), 167-192.
Marriott, H. E. (1995). The Acquisition of Politeness Patterns by Exchange Students in Japan. In B. F. Freed (Ed.), Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad Context (pp. 197-224). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Marriott, H., & Enomoto, S. (1995). Secondary exchanges with Japan: exploring students’ experiences and gains. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics Series S, 12, 64-82.
Matsumura, S. (2001). Learning the Rules for Offering Advice: A Quantitative Approach to Second Language Socialization. Language Learning, 51 (4), 635-679.
Matsumura, S. (2003). Modelling the Relationships among Interlanguage Pragmatic Development, L2 Proficiency, and Exposure to L2. Applied Linguistics, 24 (4), 465-491.
Matsumura, S. (2007). Exploring the aftereffects of study abroad on interlanguage pragmatic development. Intercultural Pragmatics, 4 (2), 167-192.
Mauranen, A. (1994). Two discourse worlds: Study genres in Britain and Finland. Finlance, 13, 1-40.
McMeekin, A. (2006). Negotiation in a Japanese study abroad setting. In M. A. DuFon & E. Churchill (Eds.), Language learners in study abroad contexts (pp. 177-202). Buffalo, NY: Multilingual Matters.
Norris, B. (2016). Here comes summer. Study Travel Magazine, 257. Retrieved from http://www.studytravel.network/magazine/online/march2016
Owen, J. (2002). Interlanguage pragmatics in Russian: A study of the effects of study abroad and proficiency levels on request strategies. Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A. The Humanities and Social Sciences, 62, 4145-4146.
Paige, R. M., Cohen, A. D., & Shively, R. L. (2004). Assessing the impact of a strategies-based curriculum on language and culture learning abroad. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 10, 253-276.
Reynolds-Case, A. (2013). The value of short-term study abroad: An increase in students’ cultural and pragmatic competency. Foreign Language Annals, 46 (2), 311-322.
Richards, J. C., & Rodgers, T. S. (2001). Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511667305
Rissel, D. (1995). Learning by doing: outcomes of an overseas summer project for teachers. In National Foreign Language Resource Center (Ohio State University), Study abroad: Research on learning language and culture in context (pp. 161- 182). Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University, National Foreign Language Resource Center.
Ritchie, B. W., Carr, N., & Cooper, C. (Eds.). (2003). Managing Educational Tourism. Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
Siegal, M. (1995a). A perspective on individual differences in the acquisition of sociolinguistic competency in Japanese as a second language and study abroad in Japan. In National Foreign Language Resource Center (Ohio State University), Study abroad: Research on learning language and culture in context (pp. 183-216). Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University, National Foreign Language Resource Center.
Siegal, M. (1995b). Individual Differences and Study Abroad: Women Learning Japanese in Japan. In B. F. Freed (Ed.), Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad Context (pp. 225-243). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Siegal, M. (1996). The role of learner subjectivity in second language sociolinguistic competency: Western women learning Japanese. Applied Linguistics, 17, 356-382.
Smith, J. V. (2011). Changing student profile. Study Travel Magazine, 200. Retrieved from http://www.hothousemedia.com/ltm/ltmbackissues/jun11web/jun11specreport.htm
Smith, J. V. (2015). Especially for you-home tuition programmes. Study Travel Magazine, 252. Retrieved from http://www.hothousemedia.com/ltm/ltmbackissues/oct15web/oct15dir.html
Taguchi, N. (2011). The effect of proficiency and study-aborad experience on pragmatic comprehension. Language Learning, 61, 909-939.
Watson, J. R., Siska, P., & Wolfel, R. L. (2013). Assessing gains in language proficiency, cross-cultural competence, and regional awareness during study abroad: A preliminary study. Foreign Language Annals, 46 (1), 62-79.