International Online Journal of Education and Teaching

EVALUATING ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION OF TEXTILE STUDENTS AND THEIR ATTITUDES TOWARD ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

Meheraz Zannat — 2020-11-23

Bangladesh has been experiencing serious environmental degradation for last few years specially for textile and apparel industries. The objective of this research is to evaluate the level of environmental education of outgoing textile undergraduate students and their perception about the environmental degradation. A questionnaire was developed and administered to textile outgoing and 1^st semester students to assess their environmental concern, knowledge and responsibility. Two sample mean test was applied to differentiate the level of understanding of these two groups of students. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the most potential source to build up the consciousness among the students about pollution. The multiple regression analysis was done to assess the comparative role of knowledge and concern for showing the responsibility towards the environment. The result indicated that the level of understanding of outgoing students on environmental sustainability is not up to the mark, there is potential for further enhancing environmental learning. It revealed that responsibility toward the environment is directly proportional to knowledge and concern. Findings also suggested that the university and the electronic media have a significant role to increase the environmental awareness among the students.

PROFILE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ MATHEMATICAL REASONING ABILITY BASED ON GUARDIAN PERSONALITY TYPE

Akrom Muhamad Akrom — 2021-01-01

This study targets to 1) describe students' mathematical reasoning skills in terms of guardian personality type; 2) knowing the causes of student mistakes in answering questions. This type of study is descriptive qualitative. The subjects in this study were students of class XI MIPA four Wanasaba 1 Senior High School in East Lombok in the 2020/2021 school year. The determination of the subject was done by purposive sampling and snowball. Data collection techniques used personality tests, tests of mathematical reasoning abilities, and interviews. The validation of each instrument was carried out by three experts in each field. The data analysis stage in this study was data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of this study indicate that the subject's mathematical reasoning ability only fulfills indicator 4, namely performing calculations based on certain rules or formulas. Subjects have not been able to meet other indicators. This is because the subject considers that the listed formula can be used in all types of triangles, does not know the rules of the cosine rule, the subject rarely practices and answers story questions, difficulties in linking the results obtained with questions, difficulty in choosing the formula to be used, and not careful in doing calculations.

THE LEARNER READINESS FOR ONLINE LEARNING: SCALE DEVELOPMENT AND UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS

Ferahim Yeşilyurt — 2020-11-28

The purpose of this study was to determine university students’ of readiness for online learning. Mainly due to the study a multidimensional instrument for university students’ readiness for online learning (ROLS) developed and validated. Therefore, the present study has used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to establish the construct validity of the ROLS model. In addition, a series of one-way ANOVA were conducted to investigate the effect of demographic variables on readiness of online learning. Through confirmatory factor analysis, ROLS was validated in two dimensions: computer literacy (CL) and computer based self-confidence (CSC). Research data gathered from 297 university in Turkey revealed that students’ levels of readiness were high in computer literacy and computer based self-confidence. This study found that perception of students’ self-confidence while using computer made statistical difference in two dimensions, that the students are those who have higher level (very good, good) of self-confident perception while using computer students exhibited significantly greater readiness in the dimensions of CL and CSC than students are those who have lower level (poor) of self-confident perception while using computer. This study also found that gender no made statistical difference in the two dimensions of ROLS and university students are those who study at educational faculties had similar levels in all readiness dimensions than other faculty students.

TEACHER’S WORKLOAD INTENSIFICATION: A QUALITATIVE CASE STUDY OF ITS IMPLICATIONS ON TEACHING QUALITY

Niñoval Pacaol — 2020-11-28

Educative process relies on the active interrelation of teacher, student, and learning environment. But it is the teacher who has the control over the two elements and professionally exposed to different challenges including workload intensification. Such educational problem has become one of the major foci of educational researchers since the last half of the 20th century due to the evolution of teaching-learning and education in general. This paper was approached using Apple’s original thesis of workload intensification and the three refinements formulated by Ballet & Kelchtermans, namely: there are multiple sources of intensification, the intensification impact is mediated, and the intensification impact is differentiated. The study aims to better understand the nature of intensification and its underlying impact on the teaching quality of a teacher in qualitative terms.

USING LITERARY MATERIALS IN SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHING

Tugba Sömen — 2020-11-28

Including literary materials in the teaching process of Social Studies course, which includes many disciplines including literature, enables students to increase their interest and participation in the course and to develop their mental skills. In this context, this study aims to determine the opinions of prospective teachers and secondary school students about the use of literary materials as a teaching material in Social Studies course. The research was structured in a basic qualitative study model. The study group of the research consists of 7 prospective teachers, fourth-year students studying in the Department of Social Studies Education at a public university (Kafkas University) in 2019, and 20 students, studying in the 6^th grade at a state secondary school in the centre of Kars. The semi-structured interview form prepared by the researcher was used for data collection. The data obtained show that, according to the prospective social studies teachers and 6^th grade students, the use of literary materials as a teaching material in social studies teaching contributed to increasing participation in the teaching process and provided an enjoyable course environment and teaching atmosphere. Finally, the suggestions presented by the researcher in line with the results obtained from the study were included.

THE OPINIONS OF EFFECTIVE TEACHERS ABOUT THEIR PREFERRED TEACHING METHODS AND TECHNIQUES

Veda Yar Yıldırım — 2020-11-29

The primary aim of this research was to analyze the opinions of effective teachers about their preferred teaching methods and techniques. The study was designed as a qualitative case study. The study group of the research consisted of 25 teachers who were selected using a mixed sampling method. In this process, different sampling methods, such as snowball sampling, criterion and maximum variation were employed. In the data analysis, the content analysis and descriptive analysis methods were used jointly. The research study revealed that effective teachers attached great importance to methods and techniques. The opinions of the effective teachers showed that 22 different methods and techniques were used by the teachers. According to the analysis of the methods and techniques, active learning approaches were the most common methods adopted by effective teachers. The teachers who participated in the study also stated that they were constantly searching for new methods and techniques, and that they were open to trying new methods. The analysis of the statements given by the teachers showed that the teachers applied highly effective methods and techniques that could be easily reproduced in the literature.

PERCEPTION OF WORKING ONLINE VERSUS OFFLINE AMONG ACADEMIC PROFESSIONALS

Sachin Soonthodu — 2020-11-30

COVID- 2019 is a challenge for the survival of humans and the society. Business organizations are facing the worst hit due to continuous lockdown. Education institutions and the universities are facing a tough time to balance teaching-learning effectiveness. Many education institutions have adopted online technology with optimum utilization of available resources; others face a tough time for survival. This study aims at understanding teachers’ perception towards offline and online teaching. 480 academic professionals were selected based on simple random sampling techniques. Paired sample T test and One-way ANOVA is used to study and find out the difference in the perception of working online and offline among academic professionals. The study finds significant differences in teachers’ perception of offline and online teaching among the academic professionals.

MAKING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TY AS A PROGRAMME IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL CURRICULUM: TEACHERS’ CONCERNS

Philip Siaw Kissi — 2020-11-30

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) education is considered as a subject not a programme in Ghanaian Senior High Schools (SHS) curriculum. However, the performance of students offering ICT related programmes in Higher Education is abysmal. Therefore, this study investigated the teachers concerns about making ICT as a programme in Ghanaian Senior High School (SHS) Curriculum. 320 teachers in SHSs in Ghana were used for the study. The study employed a cross-sectional survey approach to investigate the concerns of the teachers. Descriptive statistics and independent sample t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test were conducted on the responded survey data. The ICT teachers reported that ICT knowledge is relevant for students in SHS (mean = 3.909, SD = 1.093), the students would have several job opportunities (mean = 3.888, SD = 1.215), and should be made a programme in the SHS curriculum in Ghana (mean = 3.963, SD = 1.105). Also, there was is a statistically significant difference (t (318) = –1.022, p = 0.00 < 0.05) between the concerns of female and male teachers on concerns of making ICT as a course in SHS curriculum. Additionally, perceived relevant knowledge of ICT and job opportunity would significantly, F = 138.634 and p = 0.000(< 0.05) influence the making ICT as a programme in SHS curriculum. The findings draw implications for the Ministry of Education and SHS curriculum planners in updating curriculum to prepare SHS students with the essential ICT knowledge and skills higher education and future employment.

INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLASS TEACHERS’ MOTIVATION AND JOB SATISFACTION

Vahit Ağa YILDIZ — 2020-11-30

This study includes the quantitative findings of the researcher's mixed method doctoral dissertation titled “Examining the motivation and job satisfaction of classroom teachers within the framework of self-determination and dual factor theories”. In the study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between teachers' motivation and job satisfaction. The research was carried out with 414 teachers working in selected schools from all districts of Erzurum province. Data were collected with the Multidimensional work motivation scale and the Minnesota job satisfaction scale in 2019-2020 educational year. Descriptive statistical techniques, Pearson correlation analysis and Multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. As a result of the research, it was determined that the intrinsic motivation of teachers was higher than their extrinsic motivation, and their intrinsic satisfaction was higher than their extrinsic satisfaction. It has been revealed that there are relationships between teachers' motivation and job satisfaction dimensions. In addition, it was determined that personal regulation and intrinsic motivation dimensions predicted job satisfaction.

Keywords: motivation, job satisfaction, correlation, multiple regression

CHEMISTRY SELF-EFFICACY BELIEFS AS PREDICTORS OF STUDENTS' METACOGNITIVE SKILLS WHEN SOLVING CHEMISTRY PROBLEMS

Sinem Dinçol Özgür — 2020-11-30

This paper aims to explore (1) students’ chemistry self-efficacy beliefs and metacognitive skills during problem solving in chemistry, (2) a potential significant difference of chemistry self-efficacy beliefs and levels of metacognitive skills in accordance with subject fields and, (3) the level of chemistry self-efficacy beliefs as a predictor of metacognitive skills in the course of solving problems. For the specified purposes, “Metacognitive Activities Inventory” and “College Chemistry Self-Efficacy Scale” were administered to 80 undergraduate students, majoring in the Departments of Chemistry and Chemistry Education. This study employed the correlational research model as a type of quantitative research design. The results of the study reveal that students maintain high levels of chemistry self-efficacy as well as metacognitive skills when solving problems in chemistry. Regarding their subject fields, it has been observed that a significant difference exists merely in scores of “self-efficacy for psychomotor skills (SPS)” beliefs. The analyses also have shown that the levels of students’ metacognitive skills during problem solving predict solely the variable of “self-efficacy for cognitive skills (SCS)”, which accounts for 18.7 % of the total variance.

THE THE PREDICTIVE POWER OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON SELF EFFICACY: A CASE OF SCHOOL PRINCIPALS

Gülyüz Debeş — 2020-11-30

The study aimed to investigate the Emotional Intelligence (EI) and its relationship to self-efficacy among school managers. The study was conducted to determine whether school managers develop their EI and whether EI would increase their levels of self-efficacy. The participants of the study were composed of 50 school managers. The participants were selected via randomly method. Mainly due to the study a multidimensional instrument for school managers’ emotional intelligence competence scale (EIC) was developed and validated. Therefore, the present study has used an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to establish the construct validity of the EIC model. The data were collected using quantitative model. For the data analysis Pearson Product-Moment Correlation, Simple Linear Regression and a series of Mann Whitney-U test were conducted (ANOVA non-parametric test) were utilized. The results revealed that there was a positive significant correlation between perceived EI and self-efficacy (r = 53).Thus, it can be stated that EI competence of school managers predicts strong power on their self efficacy perceptions of them. Meanwhile, the study showed that school managers' EI competence and self-efficacy perceptions were high. These findings were compared the samples of female and male. When dealing with result, the perceptions of females on self efficacy were higher than males.

PROCRASTINATION: CAN IT BE PASSED DOWN THROUGH A SELF-MONITORING STRATEGY AND OWN GIFTS?

Apriani Zahrah Efendi — 2020-11-30

Self monitoring and self reward are self-management service techniques that are part of the behavior techniques that each individual has. Procrastination means procrastinating on work; one of the inhibiting factors for student success. This study aimed to reduced the level of procrastination of high school students through self-monitoring and self-reward services. This type of research was experimental research with the equivalent time series design. The samples were taken as many as 6 of 25 people. Data collection used treatment materials and a procrastination scale in the form of the Student-Student Procrastinational Assessment Scale (PASS) developed by Salomon and Rothblum. The results showed that the Fcount value was 1.304 with a result of 0.028, meaning the results obtained were <0.05; Because sig 0.0280 <0.05, self-management techniques, self-monitoring and self-reward strategies could reduce academic procrastination behavior in students, so that self-management techniques, self-monitoring and self-reward strategies were effective in reducing academic procrastination behavior in high school students.

TEACHER CANDIDATES’ EXPERIENCE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION: A CASE OF EREGLI

serap yılmaz ozelci — 2020-11-30

The main purpose of this research is to evaluate distance education activities conducted between 23 March 2020 and 29 May 2020 in Necmettin Erbakan University Ereğli Education Faculty in line with the opinions of pre-service teachers. The research was designed according to the document analysis from qualitative research patterns. The study population of the research consists of pre-service teachers studying at the Ereğli education faculty. The study group consists of 192 pre-service teachers who attend the courses carried out with distance education on the specified dates and fill the data collection tool "voluntarily". The open-ended questionnaire developed by the researcher was used in the research. Form consists of 12 short answers questions. The data were analysed by content analysis. Written statements of pre-service teachers were examined for the purpose of the research and codes and themes were created. Participants said that “watching the lesson again”, “not spending time to go to school” and “evaluating over homework instead of exam” are positive aspects of the process. They summarized the disadvantages of the process as "hardware and access difficulties", "failure to create a warm classroom environment" and "the program used does not allow interaction".

TOWARDS APPLYING A MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE SOLUTION ON MULTI-LEVEL CLASSES: A CASE STUDY OF TWO ORAL ACTIVITY LESSONS IN FRENCH SUBJECT

Rachid Drissi El Bouzaidi — 2020-12-01

This work was motivated by the idea of approaching teaching practice in multilevel classes based on a problem, namely the need to improve the management of time in these types of classes. The time management strategy, developed in this work, consists of applying two modes of alternating teaching, the classical mode "work and make work" and the "actual - virtual" presence of the teacher mode using the software Netsupport School.

The aim of this paper is to study the impact of the application of this software solution in two heterogeneous lessons of the French language, specifically of oral activity, for a subgroup of a double-level class (2nd Primary Year + 3rd Primary Year). The obtained results are conclusive since this approach has made it possible to reduce dead time and the teacher's great effort and to involve strongly the learners in the construction of the concepts.

THE IMPACTS OF STEM SUPPORTED SCIENCE TEACHING ON 8TH GRADE STUDENTS' ELIMINATION OF MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT "SOLID, FLUID AND GAS PRESSURE", AND THEIR ATTITUDES TOWARDS SCIENCE AND STEM

Esra Benli Ozdemir — 2020-12-03

In the study, it was aimed to determine the misconceptions of 8^th grade students about the concepts of "solid, fluid and gas pressure", to correct these misconceptions by using STEM supported Science activities, and to improve their attitudes towards Science and STEM. The study group consisted of 46 8^th grade students at a public school in Ankara in the fall semester of the 2019-2020 school year. They were determined using the appropriate sampling method, one of the non-probabilistic sampling methods In the study, experimental method with pre-test-post-test single group model was used. The study was conducted with two experimental groups in order to increase the reliability of the research. The data were collected via the "Pressure Conceptual Understanding Test", “Attitude Scales towards Science and STEM”. The results revealed that the students had misconceptions about “Pressure" in the pre-test. It was also found out that STEM was useful to overcome the detected misconceptions, largely overcome the misconceptions existing in students, and the participant students' attitudes towards STEM developed at a positive level, whereas there was no change in their attitude towards Science.

TEACHING CRITICAL THINKING IN A COLLEGE-LEVEL WRITING COURSE: A CRITICAL REFLECTION

Lucy Karanja — 2020-12-03

This paper challenges the widely held assumption that teaching writing inevitably equips students with critical thinking skills required to succeed in college and beyond. The paper reviews literature on the relationship between writing and the development of critical thinking skills, and critically reflects on the author’s experiences teaching an introductory college-level argumentative writing course to demonstrate that many writing courses fail to teach critical thinking to students despite course outcomes including intentions to enhance those skills. The paper also shows that the process of enhancing critical thinking skills through written tasks remains covert and largely undocumented. By critically analyzing the author’s teaching practice, the paper proposes and documents an integrated approach to fostering critical thinking within a college-level writing course. Ultimately, the paper makes a theoretical and practical contribution to the less explored quest of clarifying the link between critical thinking and writing.

INVESTIGATION OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS' AWARENESS OF STEM AND STEM TEACHING INTENTION

Arzu Aydogan Yenmez — 2020-12-03

STEM education is the interdisciplinary application of knowledge and is designed around collaborative efforts to provide students with comprehensive, meaningful and unique learning experiences. For an effective STEM education, the role of teachers is very important. Through teachers who know STEM education, they would be able to handle different disciplines in an integrated way. In order to achieve the objectives related to STEM education, teachers who have sufficient knowledge and skills regarding STEM education are needed. In this sense, the awareness and intention of pre-service teachers have a very important place. In this research, pre-service teachers' awareness status and intention towards STEM education were examined. The participants of the research are 192 pre-service teachers studying in Computer Education and Instructional Technology, Science Education, Elementary Mathematics Education and Turkish Language Education programs. The one group pre-test post-test design was used in this study. The results of this study revealed the intention and awareness of pre-service teachers towards STEM education. The pre-service teachers' intention and awareness of this education shows that the teachers who adopt STEM education, who use the activities in their lessons, and who are interested in interdisciplinary knowledge acquisition, can take place in Turkish education system.

TEACHERS' PERCEPTIONS OF READINESS FOR CHANGE AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT IN THEIR SCHOOLS

Ismail Karsantik — 2021-01-01

The purpose of the study was to describe teachers’ readiness for change and teachers’ perceptions of innovation management in their schools as well as to analyze the relationship between them. The study adopted survey model of the descriptive research design. The participants were composed of 104 primary school teachers who were selected using convenient sampling method in Zeytinburnu district of Istanbul in 2019-2020 school year. The data were collected via ‘Readiness for Change Scale’ developed by Kondakçı, Zayim and Çalışkan (2013), and ‘Scale for Innovation Management at School’ developed by Bülbül (2012). In the analysis of the obtained data, quantitative data analysis techniques were utilized. The results revealed that the participant teachers’ perceptions of readiness for innovation in terms of the functioning of change and innovation process were positive, and these perceptions of readiness were depended on school administrators’ abilities of innovation management. As a consequence, it was recommended that school administrators develop themselves in terms of those matters.

WRITING CENTERS AS A SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARS IN WRITING FOR PUBLICATION

Batuhan Selvi — 2020-12-03

Many scholars experience a number of troubles and difficulties in writing for publication processes. The continuous support and help given in writing centers may provide solutions for international scholars in terms of their academic publication problems. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a writing center with regard to meeting the expectations and needs of scholars in academic writing in English for their publication purposes. In the study, a mixed-method research design was adopted, and the study was conducted in a writing and research center of a large scale state university in Ankara, Turkey. The institution was selected via the criterion sampling method. The data were collected using a satisfaction survey form. The findings revealed that almost all of the scholars who participated in the study were satisfied with the services offered in the writing center and would visit the writing center in the future. In addition, they also stated that they received valuable information as to the nature of writing a research paper in English as a result of one-on-one tutoring. However, it was also found that some aspects of the writing center needed improvement. The participants demanded more explanations as to the corrections, supplementary materials, and specialization of the tutors as well as longer sessions. It was concluded that writing centers, especially those focusing on improving English academic texts, may provide help to scholars in overcoming their problems in writing for the publication process

INVESTIGATION OF THE EXTENT TO WHICH METACOGNITION AND EPISTEMOLOGICAL BELIEFS PREDICT PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ ENTREPRENEURIAL DISPOSITIONS

Meral Metin Goksu — 2020-12-04

Learning is a life-long process. In fact, it is a process of thinking in which the most significant construct is an individual’s awareness of their own learning and the learning process, in other words, their metacognition. The justification of the present study was to identify the relationship between entrepreneurial dispositions and metacognition and epistemological beliefs that teachers should possess. In line with this, the main aim of the study was to determine the extent to which pre-service teachers’ entrepreneurial dispositions were predicted by metacognition and epistemological beliefs variables. The study was a prediction study and followed a correlational research design. Participants were 516 prospective teachers who studied in a public university in Turkey. Linear regression analyses were conducted using the data collected from Metacognition, Epistemological Beliefs, and Entrepreneurial Dispositions Scales. Analysis results indicated that while planning sub-dimension of the metacognition scale and “Learning depends on ability” and “Learning depends on effort” sub-dimensions of the epistemological beliefs scale positively and significantly predicted entrepreneurial dispositions, organization sub-dimension of the former and “There is only one unchanging truth” sub-dimension of the latter scale were not able to predict entrepreneurial dispositions. The results of the research were discussed in the light of literature and suggestions were presented.

DEVELOPMENT OF A VIDEO ON THREE-DIMENSIONAL ORIGAMI CREATION TECHNIQUES TO IMPROVE THE PRACTICAL HANDICRAFT SKILLS OF TEACHER-CANDIDATE COLLEGE STUDENTS

Usep Kustiawan — 2020-12-04

The aim of this research and development is to create a video on the creation techniques of three-dimensional origami that is proper and effective as learning media for the handicrafts course for students of Teacher Education for Early Education at the State University of Malang. The utilized research method was Research and Development (R&D). The stages of the research involved analysis of needs through instructional analysis, scenario development, video script development, footage recording, editing, and validation. The research results indicated that the developed video was declared valid and proper for usage as learning media based on evaluations from a media expert, material experts, and candidate users. Therefore, the developed media can be utilized to support the improvement of skills of candidate teachers for early education in the development of three-dimensional origami media products.

Keywords: Development, handicrafts, learning video, three-dimensional origami creation techniques

ANALYZING GENDER DIFFERENCES, AND EDUCATION OF PARENTS TOWARDS STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION ACHIEVEMENT

Welly Ardiansyah — 2020-12-04

The aim of the study was to find out: students’ gender differences, and parental education on students’ reading comprehension achievement. The sample was 100 students and used purposive random sampling. Interview and the forty-item reading comprehension test of multiple choices were administered. The data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA. The first finding showed that females’ reading comprehension achievement was higher than males’. The second finding showed that variable “fathers’ level of education” and “students’ reading comprehension achievement” was .029 categorized “weak”. The third finding showed that the correlation between variable “mothers’ level of education” and variable “students’ reading comprehension achievement” was .530^** categorized “strong”. The effect of mother’s education occurred through the provision of literacy resources and reading activities. Mothers spent more time with their children at home, continuously nurturing them with practices such as reading, and holding discussions with them on how they handle their studies. While fathers did not involve themselves and became reluctant to help their children to do their schoolwork at home. Some stated that they were not lecturers and busy working to earn their families living. The study recommended that both parents should collaborate to create a reading atmosphere in their family.

DETERMINATION OF EDUCATIONAL/ACADEMIC AND SOME SOCIAL BEHAVIORAL TRENDS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN TURKEY DURING CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) PANDEMIC DAYS

Levent Yayci — 2020-12-04

This study aimed to determine educational/academic and some social behaviors of elementary school students according to their parents’ views during coronavirus pandemic days when they were under lockdown and were attending distance education. The study used a descriptive analysis methodology, which is one of the survey models, and the study group consisted of 74 parents who had children going to public elementary schools in 19 provinces of Turkey and who participated in the study voluntarily. A questionnaire developed by the researchers was used as a data collection tool in the study. As a result, the study found that the duration of the distance education was inadequate, many students exhibited behavioral and adaptation problems including getting furious/getting angry quickly/irritation, and aggression, mobile games were the most preferred pastime at home, half of the students did not design any materials, and that they did not develop any skills at all during this period. On the other hand, positive behavioral changes such as helping with housework and taking responsibility were observed in nearly half of the students.

WHAT DO THE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS THINK ABOUT HOMEWORK? A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY

Mehmet Özenç — 2020-12-04

Homework, which is the work that teachers want their students to do outside of school hours, is a highly debated practice today. The purpose of this study was to determine primary school teachers’ views on homework and their homework practices. In the study, phenomenological study design, one of the qualitative research methods, was employed. The study data were collected by interviews conducted with 14 primary school teachers working in the city of Niğde. The data were analyzed by content analysis method. The primary school teachers participating in the study defined homework as a study assigned to reinforce the subjects learned at school that day and to ensure permanent learning. All of the participating primary school teachers gave homework regularly. Almost all of the primary school teachers interviewed assigned research, reading and test homework. All of the primary school teachers who were interviewed used study aids as homework source, and they generally used sites related to education. Teachers had different forms of homework evaluation. While majority of the teachers wanted parents to check homework, more than half of them checked homework themselves and considered homework checking as an absolute must. The study results were discussed and compared with the other study results from the literature, and various recommendations were provided.

AN INVESTIGATION OF BIOLOGY TEACHERS’ AND STUDENTS’ VIEWS ON TEACHING ABOUT VIRUSES IN SECONDARY EDUCATION IN TURKEY

Sema Takmaz — 2020-12-04

The dangers of viral diseases are taken into consideration, it is crucial to provide effective education to individuals and to do social researches on the subjects related to viruses in biology. The purpose of this study is to analyse virus-related subjects taught in secondary education in terms of the views of biology teachers and secondary education students. In this study was used-case study -one of the qualitative research methods-and content analysis. Participants which created for qualitative data consists of 26 biology teachers and 51 students. ''Semi-Structured Interview Form on Viruses'' was used as a data-collection tool. According to the results obtained from the study, the importance given by the students and teachers in learning viruses show parallelism with “linking the subject with daily life”. Students are well-aware that their life will be affected if the viruses are active in the environment. Additionally, the disadvantageous aspects are well-recognized by the students as one of the factors that increase the importance of viruses. Moreover, students claim that virus-related subjects can be learned effectively thanks to the competencies of the teachers in the field. Both students and teachers believe that virus-related subjects can be taught more effectively by using more visual materials.

INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COVID-19 FEAR AND INTOLERANCE OF UNCERTAINTY AND GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER

Hamdi Korkman — 2020-12-04

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between Covid-19 fear and intolerance of uncertainty and generalized anxiety disorder in individuals aged 18-65 years and older. Also, it was examined whether Covid-19 and intolerance of uncertainty predicted generalized anxiety disorder significantly. In this study, data were collected from a total of 843 people, including 547 female (64.9%) and 296 male (35.1%) in July and August 2020. In this study, it was used to measure Covid-19 fear that Covid-19 Fear Scale, for the intolerance of uncertainty that The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS), for generalized anxiety disorder that General Anxiety Disorder Test (GAD-7). The correlation between COVID-19 fear total score and IUS total score and sub-scales’ scores, and GAD-7 total score was examined using the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient technique. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that there were significant and positive relationships between Covid-19 fear total score and IUS total and subscales’ scores and GAD-7. Additionally, the prediction level of COVID-19 fear and intolerance of uncertainty on generalized anxiety disorder was tested with a Multiple Regression Analysis and it was observed that the fear of COVID-19 and IUS total score, IUS1, IUS4 were significant predictors of generalized anxiety disorder.

READINESS FOR READING AND WRITING IN PRE-SCHOOL PERIOD: TEACHERS’ VIEWPOINTS ON CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT AND PRACTICES

Fatma Betül Şenol — 2020-12-05

The study was carried out to examine the practices and views of preschool teachers on readiness for reading and writing. Typical case study method was used in the study. Participants of the study were selected with the appropriate sampling method and 47 preschool teachers were included in the study. A semi-structured interview form was prepared to collect data. The results obtained from the study show that in order to support children's readiness for reading and writing skills in the preschool period, the importance of the classroom environment, the importance of preschool teachers planning the activities in a way that attracts the attention of the children, and the teachers' knowledge the importance readiness for reading and writing activities and their effects in primary school.

THE FACTORS AFFECTING ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF META ANALYSES

Ömer Koçak — 2020-12-05

One of the factors coming into mind when school achievement is mentioned is undoubtedly an academic achievement. Therefore, it is quite important to be informed of the factors influential in and associated with academic achievement in raising successful individuals. This study aims to identify the factors related to academic achievement analyzed in meta-analyses by using the systematic review method and to demonstrate the effects of those factors. The meta-analyses publications on the Web of Science-All Database before 2018 were reviewed. Following the review, 169 meta-analyses, include 8278 primary studies, which were found to serve the purpose of this study were included in the scope of the study. The effects of 254 variables on academic achievement were investigated in meta-analyses, and consequently, 427 effect sizes were found in total. Variables obtained from meta-analyses and having effect sizes between -.799 and 3.170 were examined in nine categories. It was found that the number of variables that were evaluated in the categories of psychological, socio-economic, socio-demographic and individual characteristics, learning theories and teaching strategies and family was bigger than other categories.

ATTITUDES OF TURKISH AND FOREIGN STUDENTS TOWARDS ENGLISH LANGUAGE, AND THEIR ENGLISH SPEAKING ANXIETY AT TURKISH INTERNATIONAL SCHOOLS IN SAUDI ARABIA

Tuba Baykara — 2020-12-05

In every period, foreign language learning has been among the interests of human beings for many different reasons. Moreover, it is an undeniable fact that English has a vital role in accessing information, following technological developments and meeting the needs of the high-tech era. Thus, the global importance of English is closely related to language teaching. Among the four language skills, speaking is the most challenging one as it needs to use available linguistic information simultaneously. Students’ attitudes towards language learning and their level of anxiety in the learning environment are crucial issues to be considered. In addition, students’ speaking performance is greatly influenced by their attitudes and their feeling of anxiety. In light of the arguments discussed in the review of literature, this study focuses on the attitudes of Turkish and foreign students towards English and analyses their English speaking anxiety. Questionnaires have been used as a data collection instrument in this research. The results of the two groups in terms of attitude and anxiety indicate that Turkish students bear more negative attitudes towards English with more anxiety while foreign students have more positive attitudes towards English with less anxiety. Findings of the study have underlined a significant and negative relationship between attitudes of students towards English and their English speaking anxiety. Possible causes of English speaking anxiety are discussed through the sub-categories of the questionnaire and related arguments are linked with the potential items of negative attitude questionnaire.

VALIDATION OF THE TURKISH VERSION OF WORK-RELATED FLOW INVENTORY (WOLF) AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH BURNOUT AND JOB SATISFACTION

Zekeriya Çam — 2021-01-01

The current paper was conducted for two aims. The first aim was to adapt the Work-Related Flow Inventory (WOLF) developed by Bakker (2008) into Turkish. In this context, the inventory was applied 198 (128 females 64.6% and 70 males 35.4%) teachers working in public schools in Ankara for construct validity and reliability. WOLF, consisting of 13 items and three sub-dimensions, was found to be a valid and reliable tool for measuring teachers' work-related flow. The second aim was to examine the relationships between work related flow, burnout, and job satisfaction through the structural equation model. The data were collected from 274 teachers (155 females 56.6% and 114 males 41.6%) working in public schools in Ankara. The relationships between the variables were examined with the hybrid model. A negative and statistically significant relationship was found between flow and emotional exhaustion; a positive and statistically significant relationship was found among flow, personal accomplishment, and intrinsic satisfaction variables. However, no statistically significant relationship was found between work related flow and depersonalization as well as extrinsic satisfaction variables. The fit index values of the model examining the relationships among the variables were in the range of good fit values accepted in the literature. Findings were discussed within the relevant literature and culture, and suggestions were provided for future researchers and educators. Also, recommendations were listed for future studies with an emphasis on the need for research in Turkey.

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF TEACHERS IN EFFECTIVE SCHOOLS: A SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF TALIS

Safiye Bilican Demir — 2021-01-01

The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of teachers that are effective in classifying low- and high-performing schools in PISA 2012 for Singapore. The TALIS 2013 teacher survey was used to identify the variables and data were obtained from the OECD official website. All schools participating in the PISA 2012 are ranked in terms of average achievement scores and the schools in the top and bottom 25% were selected for analysis. Given the structure of the research data, the IDB Analyzer program was used and the data were resolved using binary logistic regression analysis. According to the results, teachers' scores on the Classroom Disciplinary Climate, Self-Efficacy, and Teacher-Student Relations scale significantly changed the possibility of schools being successful in PISA 2012. The study's findings were discussed within the scope of the related literature and proposals were submitted for future applications and research.

STUDENT AND TEACHER PERSPECTIVES: DEVELOPING THE SCALE OF COPING STRATEGIES FOR PESSIMISM AND SUBJECTIVE-WELL BEING MODEL BASED ON COPING STRATEGIES FOR COVID-19 AND GOAL STRIVING

Ali Eryilmaz — 2020-12-31

This study aims to investigate coping strategies that activate pessimism in the context of Covid 19. To this end, two sub-studies were conducted. In the first study, an exploratory factor analysis of coping with pessimistic events scale was conducted on 209 university students. It was found that students use strategies such as self-control, coping with spirituality, problem solving, optimistic thinking, social support, denial, putting distance and protecting self-value while dealing with events that activate pessimism. In the second study, a limited subjective well-being model with coping with Covid 19 and striving for goals was tested on 201 teachers. Based on the results, it is found that it has been not enough for teachers to strive for goals to increase their subjective well-being, but it has been also necessary to use strategies to cope with Covid-19 that activates pessimism.